Charging is one of the most important aspects of LiFePO₄ maintenance. A properly tuned charging system extends cycle life, prevents BMS faults, and protects cells from stress.
1. Use a Compatible Charger or Solar Inverter
LiFePO₄ batteries require:
- Stable voltage
- Linear charging curve
- Proper communication protocol
Recommended Charging Settings
- Absorption voltage: 3.45–3.65V per cell
- Float voltage: Not required
- Max charge current: ≤ 0.5C (standard ESS range: 0.1C–0.3C)
Incorrect charging leads to:
- Overvoltage stress
- Unbalanced cells
- Cell degradation
2. Avoid Overcharging and Deep Discharging
Even though BMS protection exists, repeated extremes reduce battery longevity.
Daily Recommendations
✔ Set upper SOC limit between 85–95%.
✔ Set lower SOC limit between 10–20%.
✔ Reduce load during cloudy weather to avoid deep discharge.
3. Regularly Balance the Cells
Cell balancing ensures all cells remain at equal voltage.
When Balancing is Needed
- After heavy load usage
- When the battery reaches full charge too quickly
- When SOC accuracy drops
- If voltage difference exceeds 0.05V
Balancing Tips
✔ Let the system reach 95% charge occasionally
✔ Avoid balancing under high load
✔ Keep temperature stable during balancing
4. Improve the Charging Environment
Heat reduces charging efficiency and accelerates aging.
Maintenance Points
✔ Do not charge in hot rooms (>35°C)
✔ Keep inverter and battery separated to reduce heat concentration
✔ Clean dust from cooling fans
5. Optimize Solar MPPT Charging
Solar charging requires additional maintenance.
Tips
✔ Clean panels monthly
✔ Adjust solar array tilt seasonally
✔ Ensure PV cables are intact
✔ Update MPPT firmware regularly
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